Action Plan for Diabetes Care and Management

Activity Plan for Diabetes Care and Management Format for Action plan for Case Study †MM What is the objective/part of diabetes care/the executives patient might want you to assist them with? MM wouldn't like to go onto to Insulin treatment as she’s heard awful accounts of insulin and losing appendages. She is happy to have a go at whatever else to check whether it controls her diabetes. She feels a great deal of her negative viewpoints throughout her life have been tended to she is working through them and she needs to shed pounds and attempt to get her diabetes leveled out What activity (s) will the patient take and when? The patient will right now attempt and relook at her dietary patterns comparable to her eating routine. She is thinking about clump cooking, partition dinners and freezing them. She saw a pamphlet in the lounge area about solid helpings and inquired as to whether I knew the slightest bit about it. Exhort her it was a gathering meeting more than about two months taking a gander at good dieting, way of life and approaches to try it. It was additionally happened no expense so she showed she would investigate this and let me know whenever we met. She will see approaches to expand work out. We talked about this in more detail exercises like swimming would ease the heat off feet †she never figured out how to swim. I gave her a flyer for her to reach technogym in the territory. A type of activity with various gear while body is generally sitting on a machine like exercise club called Curves. She additionally demonstrated she was glad to think about more prescription to control her diabetes thus to diminish her HbA1c and ideally her weight. When will the activity happen? The pt was away to go on vacation so not proper to execute any new drug change until she returns. She prompted me she would watch out for what she destroyed while and attempt to keep as dynamic as conceivable till she came back to see me. On a certainty rating of 0-10 how sure is the patient of accomplishing their objective? (0=not certain 10 =very sure) 7 †she needs to change and proceed onward with her life. She needs to have the option to play more with her grandkids. Who/what will assist them with accomplishing this objective? In the event that MM can see and feel the progressions she is going to attempt this will her persuaded to continue onward. Her Grandchildren are at the dynamic stage and need her to participate with them †she likewise needs to go along with them and have some good times. Backing from her family as they need her to be progressively a functioning job part for the grandkids. Who/what may stop them accomplishing this objective? Persistent falls back to her old ways. In the event that the family because of their bustling lives disregard her and she believes she hasn’t got the help, on the off chance that she doesn’t have weight reduction this will collapse her trust in accomplishing the objectives. On the off chance that she can't practice in light of the fact that the grower fasciitis reoccurs this will separate her inspiration and could influence her diabetic control. As their social insurance proficient what is your job? To offer progressing help so to support the patient free weight and attempt to bring her HbA1c back in line. Keep on being fully informed regarding the data I give her corresponding to outer help to the diabetic center for instance sound helpings. Have the option to talk about this with the patient so she can settle on an educated decision. Work alongside the patient in the treatment choices accessible to her. Have the option to clarify how the drug attempts to attempt to improve glycaemic control address the medicine symptoms and some other prerequisites she may need to perform with proper prescription decisions. I will work alongside the patient so to upgrade great compatibility so as to reduce any feelings of trepidation together attempt to accomplish the necessary objectives. Survey Date 3 weeks Method of reasoning for intervention(s) Pleasant (2009) rules when to consider medicine alternatives for diabetic control. Diet measures/practice training strengthened each time, fundamental part in the diabetic administration. Triple treatment GLP1agonist receptor improves gylcaemic control. Functions admirably with metformin and SU. MM’s BMI was more noteworthy than 35Kg. Its activity to animate insulin discharge and defer gastric exhausting in this manner hunger decrease and weight reduction. 59 Brief diagram the intervention(s) considered with the patient and the proof base supporting this intervention(s) give references when fitting Waddington (2011) like others remarks on the weight fight comparable to diabetes recommending to improve patients trust in weight reduction patients need to assume a functioning job in the dynamic procedure. Significance of getting this privilege is tremendous the current expense of heftiness alone to the NHS evaluated at 1 billion/year Diley (2008) The regularly developing issue which was focused on by the DOH in 2004 is currently a genuine worry of the UK. That was 10 years prior how evident was there expectation. It’s figured to outperform smoking as greatest reason for untimely death toll Diley (2008). Our expect to attempt to accomplish weight reduction Haslam (2005) goes onto to feature this as a standard treatment. In the event that there is a 10% decrease it improves diabetes control all round. Waddington (2013) thinks about the business weight industry associations, likewise looking at vitality input versus yield joined with practice the point †weight reduction. Not a convenient solution nor simple and can be exceptionally deceptive. MM thus beginning a free sound dietary course like this by means of the NHS non one-sided. MM’s practice constrained yet mindful of the government’s proposal of 30 minutes of activity daily. Robertson (2009) and Mayor (2012) remark 70% of the populace don’t do what's necessary exercise yet a foundation of diabetes the executives. It in-costly strategy utilize a pedometer to accomplished 10,000 stages a day gives a visual support instrument Waddington (2009). Pleasant (2009) took a gander at randomized controlled examinations and found that GLP-1 had a more noteworthy impact in diminishing glycaemic control and weight reduction over DPP4 or insulin. 265 Impression of the meeting What? Depiction of the occasion Ongoing survey with MM expanded HbA1c readings various reasons. MM needs assistance to control her diabetes better and free weight. Diet and Exercise talked about which treatment alternatives. Liaglutide picked as once every day infusion. Remedy given to patient and return. Self home observing of blood sugars Reinforced because of expanded danger of hypo with this extra treatment. What of it? Examination of the occasion Outside offices talked about to help with diet and exercise measures. Open conversation of treatment alternatives MM chose to go with GLP-1 receptor agonist, Liraglutide was chosen as acceptable HbA1c decrease and weight reduction and progressively appropriate for MM. Emphasized to tolerant the suggestion on the utilization of GLP1 for diabetic treatment. A prerequisite of HbA1c decrease by 1%, weight decrease by 3% in a half year on the off chance that not met, at that point to evacuate treatment decision is prompted by Nice (2009) Presently What? Proposed activity following the occasion Show MM organization of liraglutide infusion, site pivot, removal of items, and capacity of prescription. Direction liraglutides starting portion 0.6mgs to max 1.2 mgs. More serious danger of hypo’s because of extra treatment extra Blood sugar readings expected screen to be check set appropriately working. 194 References HARVARD DILEY A. (2008). HELPING PATIENTS TO LOSE WEIGHT: BEST PRACTICE FOR PRIMARY CARE. essential consideration nursing. 5 (1), 31-34 HASLAM D. (2005). THE IMPORTANCE OF MANAGING INSULIN RESISTANCE AND WEIGHT. Autonomous Nurse. 16-17 Pleasant GUIDELINES (2009)The Management of Type 2 Diabetes www.nice.org Civic chairman S. (2012).PHYSICAL ACTIVITY : GETTING PEOPLE MOVING TO PREVENT CVD. essential consideration nursing. 9 (2), 59 61 ROBERTSON C. (2009). Strolling YOUR WAY TO GOOD HEALTH. essential consideration nursing. 6 (1), 33-35 WADDINGHAM F. (2013). Weight reduction: WHICH METHODS REALLY WORK FOR PATIENTS?. essential consideration nursing. 10 (2), 59-62 WADDINGHAM S. (2009). HELPING PATIENTS WITH DIABETES TO WIN THE BATTLE TO CONTROL THEIR WEIGHT. essential consideration nursing. 6 (3), 115-117 WADDINGHAM S. (2011). NINE PROCESSES OF CARE FOR DIABETES. essential consideration nursing. 8 (4), 170-173 Nitty gritty contextual investigation 2 Interview Review 1 MM Survey Date 30/09/2013 Patient seen 08/09/2013 (3 weeks back) What was the mediation Beginning of Liraglutide infusions 0.6mgs for the following week and expanded home glucose readings Patients appraisal of mediation MM felt it was overwhelming at first at the idea of giving herself an infusion. She was satisfied that she figured out how to self direct her infusions and thought it was that terrible all things considered. We talked about perspectives that we recently examined before beginning the treatment. She discovered she neglected to pivot infusion locales, however recollected before the week's over. She attempted ordinary glucose readings and they were beginning to show 5 mmol/lit before bed and on arouse 10mmol/lit. No symptoms noted and tolerant portion of liraglutide was expanded to 1.2mgs. Impression of the discussion What? Depiction of the occasion An audit on how the patient felt with her new decision of treatment and to survey if there were any issues experienced either the infusion site, or increment in hypoglycaemia What of it? Examination of occasion On evaluation MM was adapting admirably to infusing liraglutide, no reactions were experienced. Increment portion of liraglutide to 1.2 mgs and reevaluate how powerful treatment was comparable to the estimations of home blood checking. Helped her to know to remember conceivable increment in hypoglycaemia to keep performing estimations as she had done already. What now?Propsed activity following the occasion Next audit arrangement was made for 1month requested that her acquire her glucose readings to evaluate adequacy of treatment and no indications of hypoglycaemia. Likewise exhorted if there were any issues for her to phone and guaranteed she had a note of the number. 130 Conference Review 2 Definite Case Study 2 MM Survey Date

Causes and Ways to Reduce Fatal Accidents free essay sample

Mishaps including fatalities during the happy seasons has expanded radically. We should accept this as a genuine issue as it carries a great deal of contrary effects out and about clients and individuals around us. In light of a review which has been directed as of late, the quantity of street mishaps in 2013 has expanded around 25 percent contrasted with most recent couple of years. Specialists accept that the quantity of loss of life in street mishaps will increment constantly consistently if there is no severe standards are forced. There are numerous reasons why there has been an expansion in deadly mishaps throughout the year. Initially, inebriated drinking is the fundamental explanation that causes street mishaps. Admission of certain measure of mixed beverages will cause one to feel oblivious and unwell. At the point when the person in question slips into obviousness, the individual probably won't have the option to drive with a calm brain. This is on the grounds that their psychological force can't work well at that point and they will in general lose their faculties also . We will compose a custom exposition test on Causes and Ways to Reduce Fatal Accidents or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Other than that, carelessness and foolish driving additionally cause lethal mishaps. Crazy drivers typically prefer to defy norms and even will in general test the cops. Some the drivers like to tail along ambulances during crisis situations when the alarm is on. Those are the flippant street clients that ought to be suspended or fined . Then again, talking or informing on the cell phones while during driving is risking your own life and the lives of your friends and family. Individuals like to utilize their telephones to visit relentlessly and continue taking a gander at their telephones each second. Now and then, we should constrain oneself not abuse it particularly when you are driving. Street clients ought to consistently be alert and give full consideration while behind the wheels. What's more, fatigue and tiredness can cause street disaster. At the point when an individual voyages significant distance to arrive at the particular goals, they will feel sleepy and depleted which make them to lose center around driving. Some of them even nod off behind the guiding wheel. So as to keep away from any untowardâ tragedy, one ought to get enough rest before beginning your jorney. Likewise, don't take any medication while driving out and about. There are numerous approaches to defeat the deadly occurrences. Government ought to remind all street clients to consistently hold fast as far as possible and not to beat the red light. Perception of traffic rules and guidelines will guarantee a sheltered excursion. Government ought to likewise dispatch a few battles so as to create mindfulness among the drivers. More or less, all gatherings should play their parts proficiently so as to decrease the street mishaps. Every Malaysian driver are encouraged to rehearse graciousness and thought consistently while out and about on the grounds that a large number of vehicles will be having a similar street. Keep in mind, preferable to be protected over grieved.

Startup Hubs Around The World Toronto

Startup Hubs Around The World Toronto Silicon Valley has consistently ranked number one in the startup market, giving other cities in the world something to aspire towards. Few cities are as successful as Toronto, Canada. A highly livable city, along with a network of resources that are designed to support and encourage the start-up, more and more of the world’s entrepreneurs are heading to the city of Toronto to establish their company. © Shutterstock.com | Maurizio De MatteiIn this article, discover 1) the benefits of the location, 2) tax incentives in Toronto, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources, and 6) specialization in the city for entrepreneurs.   In addition, you’ll find 7) startups to watch in the city.LOCATIONLocated in the most populated province in Canada, Toronto is situated within a highly desirable area. There are geographical benefits to selecting the city, there are some key advantages to choosing Toronto as a startup headquarters.Geographical BenefitsWithin the province of Ontario, Toronto is not only the capital; it is the most populated city. On the shore of Lake Ontario, it is the commercial capital of Canada. There are economic sectors headquartered in the city including education, business services, tourism, media and transportation, to name a few. The city also boasts the five largest banks and the home of the Toronto Stock Exchange. Voted as one of the world’s most livab le cities, the humid climate has cold winters and warm summers.The beautiful scenery provides a backdrop for the active business epicenter. Innovative architecture and structures offer public green spaces mixed into the modern buildings and hustle of the city. These elements combine to create a city that offers the best of the modern, busy city with an active outdoor living area that gives recreation opportunities.Canada’s largest airport is located in Toronto, making transportation to and from the city easy. With flights to main US cities running constantly, a one hour flight can bring travelers within reach of almost half of the continent. An established system of railways and subways is well equipped to provide people within the city an inexpensive and easy to use system of mobility through the city.Advantages of choosing the cityWithin the city of Toronto, there is a diverse population that has created a thriving, moving entrepreneurial scene. Support is one of the largest are as of need that an entrepreneur has and the city of Toronto steps up to fulfill that need. Support comes in the form of local stewards and a C100 group composed of Canadians working in Silicon Valley. The experienced entrepreneurs use their expertise to provide support for the companies starting in Toronto. Additional support can be found in the accelerators and incubators located in the city.The potential employee market in Toronto is made up of highly educated people. Over half of the population has secondary degrees, and the city is home to a diverse makeup of individuals â€" 51% of the people living in the city were born somewhere else. The city has dozens of ethnic neighborhoods, including several Italian and Chinese components.The healthcare system is attractive to families and Toronto is considered a great place to raise kids. This helps to stabilize the area, drawing and keeping highly skilled workers. Toronto is the banking sector headquarters of the country, providing easy access to banking services in a highly regulated financial services industry.A large college population ensures that there is always a steady influx of new, innovative thinkers who are willing to get to work in the city. The universities in Ontario graduate nearly 30,000 students out of the computer science and engineering departments. Compare that to California’s 21,000 graduates in the science, technology, engineering and math departments, and the potential for Toronto is astronomical. It is especially startling to realize that California has a population approximately 3 times that of Ontario.All of the components of a thriving, innovative startup hub are found within the city limits of Toronto.We Asked Entrepreneurs: What makes Toronto great for Startups? TAX INCENTIVESAlong with the geographical benefits of being located in Toronto, entrepreneurs have financial incentives for making their headquarters in the city. One of the primary incentives for choosing Toronto can be foun d in their start-up friendly tax credits.At 22%, Ontario offers one of the lowest corporate tax rates in North America. In addition, the government is pushing money into development and investment, raising over $500 million in venture funds, and promising to invest another $50 million. Credits on RD bring $100 in after-tax costs down to $57 for corporations, and startups pay only $39.Government officials have developed an intricate system of fund development that is centered on the goal of increasing Toronto’s standing in the start-up community. The plan is simple: the government puts its money into locally operated venture capital funds. Those funds, in turn, invest in local, high-growth venture stage companies. There is evidence that their plan is working: in the last few years, the average venture capital fund amount increased by 50%. With heavy government support and an increasing amount of government sponsored tax credits and funds, Toronto is quickly becoming even more attra ctive to entrepreneurs in search of a location.Start-ups are able to do more with their capital, thanks to a series of financial incentives. The ministry of research and innovation has helped to reduce corporate taxes, while providing tax credits for startups that are demonstrating innovation. These credits are among some of the largest in the world, which is one reason why so many entrepreneurs are heading into the great north to establish their startup.In addition, there are financial incentives for joining one of Canada’s accelerators. Most graduates of the accelerators are offered a $500,000 convertible bond as startup capital that can be used to help get their company off the ground. By giving start-ups more capital to get started with, the company has more resources to establish the framework for a successful future.To further attract companies to Toronto, there are sizable tax increment credits in the form of investment grants for businesses that are building new facilities or retro-fitting locations. These credits are eligible for up to 60 percent of the municipal tax increase for over 10 years.LEGAL INCENTIVESCanada is serious about developing startup hubs within their borders. They have instituted a series of incentives to attract high quality talent. Their plan is working â€" not only are entrepreneurs establishing their first company in Toronto, people who left Canada to set up elsewhere are returning to this Northern hub.One of the fundamental attractions to Toronto’s start-up scene is the creation of the Startup Visa. With this visa, entrepreneurs can quickly get approval for a visa if they have received investments from designated Canadian investors. A minimum of $200,000 in venture capital or $75,000 in angel funds provides a fast track to immigrant status to entrepreneurs who wish to set up shop in Toronto. Pressure from entrepreneurs, investors and government officials helped drive the Startup Visa program to fruition, and their efforts p aid off. This new program has made it faster, cheaper and easier to start doing business in Canada.Once a start-up has decided to establish a business in Toronto, the initial process is relatively quick. A simplified one-step process can be handled online through Enterprise Toronto. Once completed, only companies that fall into specific, regulated categories need to further their registration by obtaining licensure. The additional process is similarly simple, although the process must be handled in person. Companies that need additional registration include pet stores, nightclubs and restaurants, as well as others.The costs of doing business are lower in Toronto and this includes the cost of legal work. With simplified application processes, there is a reduced need for legal guidance, saving the startup money. Additionally, the costs of legal services can be cheaper in Toronto, another benefit to setting up there. Specific law firms have been established specifically designed to foc us on the needs of startups and entrepreneurs. These firms provide guidance on Intellectual Property, immigration and mobility, technology commercialization, and other issues.Toronto Tech Startup Scene INVESTORSInvestors within Canada tend to be considered ‘thinkers’. They are slow to adopt new strategies and companies, but generally make informed decisions. This allows for investors to realize a higher return on their investments.Canadian investment regulations have established a series of business acts to provide for the investment of Canadian money into Canadian companies. These funds are only available to companies that are based in Canada, and are only allowed to only fund companies that are Canadian-incorporated companies.  By using these funds to invest in Canadian entrepreneurs, the government is taking a strong interest in the development of new companies within the borders of their nation.In a cyclical pattern, people who take money as founders become seed donors for c ompanies down the road. This generates a pattern of financial gain that serves to strengthen Toronto’s economy and increases the number of investors available.As the finance and banking capital of Ontario, Toronto has access to the people who have money to invest. These investors, typically called angel investors or venture capitalists, are resources for funding that many start-ups need. Governmental support offering millions of dollars in funds to assist startups has ensured that the city remains a drawing point for entrepreneurs from around the world.LOCAL RESOURCESThe growing start-up market in Toronto has already established some much-needed resources for companies who want to start in the Canadian city.   A well-developed collection of accelerators and co-working spaces provide multiple locations and resources for entrepreneurs throughout the city.   A long list of potential investors who are based in Toronto is another home-grown resource for this city who wishes to top the charts of entrepreneurs.Heavy media interest in the start-up market of Toronto is another useful resource.   By keeping the start-up market in the news, entrepreneurs can be kept abreast of the latest in business developments as well as discover networking events and opportunities that can offer support to new businesses.A large student population is vital to the vibrant tech market as employees, consumers and entrepreneurs.   Highly educated and innovative, having direct access to the students who emerge from surrounding colleges and universities is an advantage many cities lack.SPECIALIZATIONCanada isn’t shy about stating their objective: they want the world’s newest and largest tech company to come out of Toronto.One of the largest areas of specialization within the Toronto startup scene is a relatively new concept that has taken the world by storm. Wearable technology is an up and coming field, and Toronto seems to be attracting a large percentage of these entrepreneurs. Wea rable technology can include the Nymi wristband, HUD goggles designed for downhill skiers and snowboarders, as well as Myo â€" a wearable biometric device.As the leading city in a variety of industries, Toronto has the potential to specialize in a variety of ways. The fashion industry is seeing a resurgence of attention in the startup market of Toronto, and can vary from men’s makeup to men’s yoga pants. One of their companies is revolutionizing the plus-size menswear market by starting with larger, more comfortable underwear for men. Through market research, the company was able to discover what the needs of the marketplace were, and then worked to meet those needs. It has proven successful and the company hopes to add another product line to their offerings soon.Another specialization that is finding common ground in Toronto is digital media and technology. Through wearable technology, advances in film and audio recordings and other tech products, the start-up market is making huge strides in channeling entrepreneurs to enter their field. Through training, experience and innovation, entrepreneurs are tackling some of the most complex issues of the day and solving the problem through design and structure.By taking advantage of some of the resources within the city, startups can begin to realize their dreams and establish themselves as a relevant, up and coming company. These advantages include specifically designed incubators and workshops all geared towards attracting and keeping entrepreneurs in the city.A long list of companies that offer venture and capital funds, as well as meetings with others where entrepreneurs can mingle, make connections and offer support is available on the Startup Toronto website.STARTUPS TO WATCHWhirlscape: Qwerty has become a part of the cultural landscape of the world. Keyboards are used on computers, laptops, cellphones, tablets and a variety of other places with startling consistency: the Qwerty style. Whirlscape’s newM inuum keyboard, however, is the next big thing in typing for the mobile generation. The beta version was downloaded by over 25,000 Android users, paying for the chance to try out the new keyboard style. This minimalist approach to keyboards is paving the way for using products such as Google glass as well as reduce the amount of needed screen space for a full size Qwerty keyboard.Nymi: This wearable wrist band seems straight out of a science fiction movie. Bionym’s Nymi is a wristband that identifies the wearer by analyzing their cardiac rhythm. This wristband uses technology features to connect with apps and other devices, using their own heartbeat as the password. The company is testing their model for retail and hospitality uses, where customer preferences and history can become part of their identity.TellSpec: Developed as the result of one founder’s experience with doctors, TellSpec is designed to help users track their food intake. More than a dietary tool, TellSpec combin es technology with a scanner, algorithm and app and identifies the contents of that food. This technology shows great potential in identifying food allergies, promoting positive eating habits and more.Revelo: LifeBike, developed as a school thesis project, this super sleek bike promises riders to not only improve their health, but they’ll look cool with the easy to unfold (10 seconds!), ultra light, ultra sleep, ultra emissions free transportation. The Revelo model is the latest in the line of bikes that LifeBike offers, and is preparing to be shipped shortly. A successful crowdsourcing story, the bikes are in part, the result of many people’s dream.Parkbench: Bringing the idea of the neighborhood market online is the driving force behind Parkbench. Giving local businesses within the Toronto community the opportunity to offer their services and products to their local market, all within one convenient location, Parkbench is also branching out into the real estate market. More ho mes can be found in listings on the Parkbench website than on any one realtor site, a feature that has been driving business to the site.The Toronto startup community is growing. The winning combination of location, resources and entrepreneurship is helping to push this Canadian city higher up the list of the world’s top startup cities. Through their governmental support and encouragement, business friendly tax and visa regulations and the benefit of the nearby universities, Toronto is headed in the right direction for the future.

The Effects Of Cloning On The World Today Should...

How has the idea of cloning affected the world today? Should scientists advance further through experimentation of human cloning? Cloning is a generic term that describes the fabrication of a biological material with the same genetic makeup as that of the original or copied material. Mammalian cloning has its benefits, such as the eradication of defective genes (gene cloning), the use of cloning as an alternative infertility treatment (reproductive cloning), and the provision of a companion of sorts (therapeutic cloning). However, recent statistics show that sixty percent proclaim it is morally wrong to clone animals and eighty-one percent state it is unacceptable to clone humans. Why? The results of the 1996 experiment of cloning Dolly and many other unsuccessful trials have influenced many people to infer that the drawbacks of cloning substantially surpass the benefits. After two hundred and seventy-seven attempts to clone a sheep, many have concluded that cloning has a high failure rate. Moreover, the death of the sheep clone, Dolly, depicts that cloning a mammal can result in arthritis, a virus-induced lung tumor, premature aging, and/or premature death, to a list a few effects of cloning. Although scientists and researchers have justified Dolly’s medical diagnosis, they are still uncertain as to why Dolly’s chromosomes had shorter telomere lengths than normal sheep. Nevertheless, cloning mammals, particularly humans, should be proscribed due to the severity of the sideShow MoreRelatedCloning Should Not Be Legalized2450 Words   |  10 PagesCloning Should Not be Legalized Human cloning has been a very controversial issue for a number of years. In order to understand cloning better is important to recognize what cloning is. A clone is an exact genetic replica of a DNA molecule, cell, tissue, organ, or entire plant or animal. 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Despite Henrietta’s story being full of legal and ethical issues, the story was one filled with success and anguish. Success for science as her cells served as advancement in medical research and development; yet was sorrowful for Henrietta and

Male Sexuality in Ancient Rome

Modern sexuality offers a two-tiered dichotomy based on sexual preference. A homosexual is characterized by his exclusive sexual preference for same-sex relationships. Similarly, a heterosexual favors exclusive sexual relationships with members of the opposite sex. Ancient sexuality, on the other hand, finds its basis in status. The active partner, i.e. the partner of a higher social status, assumes the role of the penetrator; whereas, the passive partner, i.e. the partner of inferior social status, takes on the penetrated position.(www.princeton.edu/~clee/paper.html) - Malakos Our modern preoccupation with sexuality has depended on a distinction between homo- and hetero-. That gender-changing operation and other, less dramatic transgender behavior are blurring our neat borders should help us understand the very different Roman attitudes. Today you can have a lesbian who was born a man and a gay male who was born a woman or a male in prison who behaves in ways that to the outside world appear homosexual, but to the prison, ​the  community does not, alongside the more traditional homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual roles. How Did the Romans See Gender? Instead of todays gender orientation, ancient Roman (and Greek) sexuality can be dichotomized as passive and active. The socially preferred behavior of a male was active; the passive part aligned with the female. The relation between the active and passive partner is thought of as the same kind of relation as that obtaining between social superior and social inferior. - Malakos But before I go further, let me stress: this is an oversimplification.   To Be an Ancient Roman Male in Good Standing ...Walters makes a crucial distinction between males and men: Not all males are men, and therefore impenetrable. In particular, he refers to the special nuance of the term vir, which does not simply denote an adult male; it refers specifically to those adult males who are freeborn Roman citizens in good standing, those at the top of the Roman social hierarchy -- those who are sexually impenetrable penetrators Craig A. Williams Bryn Mawr Classical Review of Roman Sexualities And... ... since the concepts heterosexual and homosexual did not exist, but there does seem to be a high degree of correlation between the conduct of men identified as cinaedi and that of some men now labeled homosexuals, though it must be appreciated that the modern term is clinical while the ancient one is emotional and even hostile, and that both have been imposed from outside. Richard W. Hoopers Bryn Mawr Classical Review of The Priapus Poems To be an ancient Roman male in good standing meant you initiated penetrating acts of sex. Whether you did this with a female or a male, slave or free, wife or prostitute, made little difference -- as long as you were not on the receiving end, so to speak. Certain people were off-limits, though, and among them were free youths.This was a change from the Greek attitude which, again to simplify, condoned such behavior in the context of a learning environment. The ancient Greek education of its youth had begun as training in the arts necessary for battle. Since physical fitness was the goal, education took place in a gymnasium (where physical training was in the buff). Over time the education came to encompass more academic parts, but instruction in how to be a valuable member of the polis continued. Often this included having an older male take a younger (post-pubescent, but still unbearded) one under his wing -- with all that entailed. Although later Romans sometimes asserted that homosexuality was imported from Greece, by the close of the 6th century B.C.E, Polybius reported, there was widespread acceptance of homosexuality [Polybius, Histories, xxxii, ii]. Lesbian and Gay Marriages For the ancient Romans, who claimed to have adopted other passive behaviors from the ancient Greeks, free youths were untouchable. Since adolescents were still appealing, Roman males gratified themselves with youthful slaves. Its thought that in the baths (in many ways, successors to the Greek gymnasia), freedmen wore a talisman around their necks to make it clear their naked bodies were untouchable.

Racism in Professional Sports Free Essays

Racism is a problem that has existed in our society for many years. The roots of racism date back to when slavery was considered normal, and even further back then that. Racism happens all the time, everyday and everywhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in Professional Sports or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a complex issue which occurs at many different levels. In the world of sports racism is happening more often and becoming more of a concern. The first major example is of Jackie Robinson. Robinson is considered a leader in the black community for breaking the color barrier in the sport of baseball. Although Robinson went through a great deal of prejudice, many black athletes today face similar problems. The National Hockey League, Major League Baseball, and many other associations are dealing with this problem even still today. Racism doesn’t only occur on the field. Today the management side of sports is more racist then the on field part. Racism is a problem that existed in sport when it first originated and continues to exist even in the world of sport today. Racism started in the beginning of sport when there were two separate leagues, the white league and the black league. It was in 1947, when Jackie Robinson stepped into the white world of baseball, that people noticed this was occurring. At the time no one was concerned with this because everything was segregated back then. â€Å"The verbal taunting, physical abuse, and death threats unleashed on him and his family had the 27 year old on the verge of mental breakdown (Guss, 1997). Robinson got through it by ignoring all those comments and using it as the reason he would play, to prove everyone wrong. He realized that he represented an entire race of people and if he were to explode he would condemn himself and his entire race. â€Å"I suffered then because I hoped to provide a better future for my children and for young black people everywhere, and because I naively believed that my sacrifices might help a little to make America the kind of country it was supposed to be†(Guss, 1997). Despite all the negativity, Robinson excelled in the majors by winning the 1947 Rookie of the Year award and helping lead his team to the World Series. Robinson’s perseverance throughout his career is what paved the way for black athletes to make a stand and prove to the world that they can compete with white athletes. After Robinson’s career was over the opportunity for black athletes to play on the same level as whites athletes had increased greatly. Although Jackie Robinson was discriminated upon half a century ago many black athletes today have to go through similar racism. In Major League Baseball racism is still a concern. Even though today African Americans are given an equal opportunity to compete, there are still certain people and players that disagree with this. In the same day and age that Albert Belle can earn $10 million per year, indicating that players are paid based on talent rather than skin color or personality, African Americans failed to make any progress (Guss, 1997). A big controversy that occurred during the 2000 baseball season included Atlanta Braves relief pitcher John Rocker. In an interview with Sports Illustrated Rocker made many derogatory, sexist, and racist remarks about the city of New York and the people who lived there. For his actions he was given a 22 game suspension and a reputation in society and throughout baseball as a racist(http://www. spn. go/profile/prifiles. com/mlb). Another example of racism in modern day baseball involves Marge Schott. â€Å"In an interview with Primetime Live, Cincinnati Reds owner Marge Schott repeated her belief that everyone uses the word nigger. She argued that racism is an invention of the press. Schott had been suspended from baseball for allegedly declaring that ‘I’d rather have a trained monkey working for me then a nigger,’ and remarking ‘Hitler was good in the beginning but he went too far†(Steinberg, 1992). Schott was punished for her remarks with a $25,000 fine, a suspension for one year, and removal from the Reds day to day operations. Baseball chairman Bud Selig wants to make it clear to everyone associated with baseball that racism will not be excepted in this business. From John Rocker to Marge Schott the world of baseball has been altered by their remarks. It was thought that there was racist thoughts in Major League Baseball, but these two actions brought it to the forefront. The chairman definitely made the right move by suspending and fining these two. By doing that he shows that â€Å"racist utterances have no place in the national pastime†(Kirshenbaum, 1993). The National Hockey League is a sport that has been dominated by white players for its entire existence. There is an extremely small percentage of black players in the NHL today. Mike Greer of the Edmonton Oilers is one of these few black players. During one of the games last season Greer was being given a hard time and players kept yelling racial slurs at him. Another incident that occurred was between Marty McSorley and Donald Brashear. Donald Brashear, like Greer, is one of the few African Americans in the National Hockey League. The incident that occurred between these two was that McSorley hit Brashear in the face with his stick. This happened toward the end of the game, in which MrSorley was immediately thrown out of the game. NHL Commissioner Gary Bettmann acted quickly by hitting McSorley with a suspension for the remainder of the regular season, which only had twenty three games remaining. This was the longest suspension for any player due to an on ice incident. On top of that suspension the case was taken to court. â€Å"Although McSorley was found guilty by a Canadian court he received only an eighteen months probation, and the offense won’t appear on his record if he completes the time without violating the terms of the probation. McSorley is also forbidden to play against Brashear in Canada or the U. S. during the probationary period. As an unrestricted free-agent it’s possible no one will sign the 17-year veteran; if they do, he must meet with NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman before being reinstated†(Hardesty, 2000). Race is an issue everywhere and it always going to be,† says Pro Bowl running back Ricky Watters. â€Å"It’s sneaky now. The owners have to be politically correct now. It isn’t fashionable anymore to be a racist. Now they have to kind of go behind the scenes, but believe me it’s still there. It’s not really something you can explain. It’s just a feeling. Just look at how many black head coaches were hired this year†(Guss, 1997). This quote was in response to the year of 1997 when Sherm Lewis, offensive coordinator for the Green Bay Packers who is African American wasn’t even interviewed for a head coaching job. This is an issue because teams usually look for successful coordinators to be the head coach of their team. Sherm Lewis had just led his team to a Super Bowl appearance, while having his offense lead the league in points and yards per game. On top of this Dan Reeves, former coach of the New York Giants, was offered a head coaching position for the Atlanta Falcons after going 31-33 his last four years. It makes you wonder why a successful offensive coordinator with four Super Bowl appearances under his belt would not get interviewed while another man with a poor record would be given a head coaching job. As NFL’s all time sack leader Reggie White puts it, â€Å"There is racism in the NFL. There are teams who have problems with black coaches and black quarterbacks†(Guss, 1997). Racism does exist in every aspect of life. From earlier times to more recent times it is obvious that racism is a part everyday life. When Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in sports in 1947 he had imagined that by today things would have changed significantly, and to some extent they have. Even though African Americans are now allegedly offered similar treatment in sport, they are still treated differently. In all sports there is a very small percentage of African American coaches and managers. In some cases the black coach has had a much better resume, but still not given the job. This is the world we live in today. Racism is still a problem and will continue to be until their are changes made in the front office. As Hank Aaron says, â€Å"It’s a closed society in many ways. We will still have some problems in sports, no question about it. I want people to realize that we still have a long way to go†(Guss, 1997). How to cite Racism in Professional Sports, Essay examples

Research Proposal Britain Economic Downturn

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal Britain for Economic Downturn. Answer: Introduction The economy of the United Kingdom is the fifth-largest economy in the globe which is considered by the supposed gross domestic product. It is also ninth-largest in the globe in terms of purchasing power parity, which contains 4% of worlds GDP. The UK has been the fastest-growing country in the G7 by four successive years; it has 2.2% development in the second quarter of 2016. But, when downturn occurred, they had faced several complexities. There are different factors that have to be measured as influencing factors of the Britain economic growth (Burrell, 2016). The UK economy entered in a recession in 2008 and also it existed in 2009 by increasing the unemployment rate i.e. 5.2% in 2008 and 7.6% in 2009. But, in 2010, economy improved by 1.2% because of new government policies. Government of the Britain made effective policies such as cut down in the interest rates in order to overcome the national debts challenges and to increase the employment rate. But still, the unemployment rat e was elevated and the economy has faced to bring back the development. In 2013, market growth rate peaked due to reduction in the unemployment rate. Further, economic growth has increased by bounce back in the housing market and tough development in both manufacturing and services industries (McCloskey, 2015). But, it has been disputed that the economic improvement was not accomplishing the bulk of the people in the Britain, with wage growth rate being low. The purpose of this research is to undertake a complete research in identifying economic factors that have impact on the Britain economy so that, this report can help in identifying actions for the UK economy against downturn situation and be better prepared whenever situation of next recession occurs. The research proposal throws light on where the decision makers of the Britain failed and which strategies implemented by Britain government went unsuccessful and what strategies will overcome the economy downturn situation. Problem Statement The downturn is the occurrence of declining demand for resources, goods and services in its starting, and ending depend on the outfitted actions which are used by different decision makers and the centralized government. It leads to a fall in market share, boost in unemployment rate, sluggish salary, drop in trade sales, and decreases in the accommodation market. It is stated that if the recession will longer period, it can be categorized as an economic depression. In the Britain, there were worldwide recessions during the years 2008 2010 that was Great Recession period (Cain and Hopkins, 2016). It is stated that there were different quarters sluggish but still optimistic growth. A declining consumer demand is a cause behind slowing growth. As, sales has declined, the company had stopped their expansion plans and also stopped hiring new workers. The downturn is ongoing in the first quarter of 2008 while the economy is slightly decline, only 0.7%, and rebound in the subsequent quarter to .6%. Further, the economy mislaid 16,000 employments in 2008. In those years, Britain economy was destructive because, it created widespread unemployment that affected most of the people (Taylor, et al., 2015). Further, as the unemployment rate mounted, consumers reduced their purchases even more. In this report, researcher analyzes different economic factors and also evaluates the reason that impact on the Britain downturn economy. Further, this research is based on the different strategies and new concepts which are adopted by Britain government in order to overcome the Recession. This research is effective for decision makers to take preventive measures when downturn takes place in the future. Research Objectives The aim of this research is to analyze the economic factors that impact on the Britain economic downturn. For accomplishing main aim of research, following research objectives will be achieved through research: To understand the meaning and concepts of downturn economy. To determine the economic factors that impact on the Britain and lead to downturn economy. To discuss the consequences of Recession in the Britain economy. To recommend the strategy to overcome the recession condition in Britain. Research Questions Following are different research questions that would be answered by accomplishing this research: How did recession have an effect on the Britain economy? What were the consequences faced by Britain government as a result of downturn? How did the Britain government take action to break the downturn conditions? What are the factors that force the Britain economy downturn under Recession conditions? Justification of the Project The downturn has been a period of the rigorous that affects the popular countries like USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Japan, China, India, and New Zealand. Further, the Britain economy had suffered losses and high unemployment rates during the period of 2008-2010. This research will help the government to understand the different factors that can affect the economy and that are a reason to happen the recession in the country (Goldstein, et al., 2013). From this report, the government will able to address the mechanism to deal with the recession condition. This research proposal also helps to readers to broaden the understanding of the recession economy condition. This proposal will be also effective for existing organization and new ventures/startups as they can develop awareness about the cause, impacts, and consequences of the economy downturn. Consequently, it will enable them to be better prepared and sensible in case Recession occurs in the future (Park, et al., 2014). This research will help policymakers and researchers to identify right focus areas during and after the economy downturn. Expected Research Outcome The outcomes of this research will offer the critical structure to examine the factors affecting Britain economy due to Recession. Hence, this report will help to develop understanding and analyze the strategies that are used by decision makers in order to deal with the economic downturns. This report will provide the complete picture about Recession that helps to address the factors that drive Britain economy under Recession conditions. The economy downturn is based on the different factors such as unemployment rate, and stock market circumstances. These factors will have an impact on the ultimate result of this research study. Further, all the research objectives/questions will be recognized in the plan and will be responded based on the information gathering, findings, and analysis (Mulia, et al., 2014). These research outcomes will be scrutinized as significant scholastic work due to identifying the problem for this research plan. Additionally, this research will aid the governme nt to focus on these economic factors to deal with the recession. Section 2 Conceptual Framework Meaning and concepts of downturn economy According to the Ahmed et al (2014), an economic downturn is defined as the economic growth rate declining and probably entering into downturn. A downturn is an element of the economic phase that is also known as the trade phase or business phase. Further, the downturn is the pessimistic economic growth for two successive quarters. For instance, during 2010 2012, the UK economy was declined with the economic development of approximately 0%. The key characteristics of an economic downturn comprise: Pessimistic or very low economic development Increasing unemployment Diminishing asset worth such as shares and house worth Low down self-assurance and declining asset Negative output gap Mounting government borrowing In support to this, Modica and Reggiani (2015) states that a downturn happens while there is a decrease in economic development for two successive quarters. Further, according to Keynesian analysis, if there is a go down in aggregate demand then there will be go down in Real GDP that is based on the slope of the aggregate slope curve. Besides this, if the economy is nearest to lower aggregate demand then it would be caused a small go down in real gross domestic products. It is said that aggregate demand is composed with C+I+G+X-M, so the decline in these components could reason to happen the downturn. Economic Factors that Impact on the Britain and Lead to Downturn Economy In the view of De Grauwe (2016), there are different factors that affect the Britain economy such as demand, supply, interest rate, unemployment and wage rate. Another factor that determines the economic development rate is the intensity of buyer and companys confidence. For example, if confidence is peak then elevated interest rates may not decrease the demand. But, if self-assurance is low down and people scares that they can unemployed, and then they will a smaller amount spend, causing AD to go down. It indicates that expectations are very important for people to deal themselves into a recession. According to the Gillespie (2014), the high-interest rate is another factor that causes of recession because it sets the liquidity and also decreases the value of money available to invest. Further, it depicts that inflation is another factor. It indicates the high price of goods and services over the period. As inflation rises, the demand for the goods and services has declined. Additionally, reduce real wage rate is another factor that impact on the Britain economy downturn. A declines real wage rate declines the purchasing power due to not having enough amounts to purchase. In favor to this, Treasury (2016) states that there are different causes of occurring recession in 2008 and 2009 named credit crisis, declining house worth, Cost push inflation and fall down in confidence. Credit crisis explained the lack of investment. Declining house worth is related to a deficiency of credit and credit crisis. Cost push inflation is constricting income and also dropping disposable income. The fall down in the confidence of finance zone defines the worse confidence between the real economies. Consequences of Downturn in the Britain Economy According to the McKay et al (2013), there are different consequences of the recession in Britain economy. It is stated that recession does not affect everyone such as a fall in GDP will cause an increase in unemployment. Because, some companies will go bankrupt that means most of the workers lose their jobs. In support to this, Paroutis et al (2014) opines that in the recession period, unemployment is increased over 26 million. Further, firms also try to cut down their cost by keeping the low wages. Along with this, some workers may keep their job, but focus on their hours cut excluding to do full-time work as they become temporary workers. It indicates that rise in unemployment may be muted but, at the same time, the income of the workers has also fallen. On the other side, Gardiner et al (2013) exemplify that recession is affected the government as the fall in taxation revenue. Because, firms make the less profit, therefore government receives lower corporation taxes. Another reas on of fall in taxation is to decline the workers income, lower house price, housing transaction, and lower stamp duty. Furthermore, lower expenditure lead to reduce VAT payments. In support to this, Gourevitch et al (2016) state that recession has also created negative consequences on the government spending such as it raises on the welfare payment include unemployment benefits and income support. Another consequence that occurs due to recession is a budget deficit. It is stated that falling tax revenue and rising welfare payment tend to the recession cause which has an effect on the budget deficit and total government debts. Recommend the Strategy to Overcome the Recession Condition in Britain According to the Buck (2016), there are different policies that can be effective to avoid the recession includes cutting interest rate, stop house seizure, Expansionary economic policy, economy reduction, Quantitative reduction, and high Inflation object. The cutting interest rate should assist to increase the aggregate demand. Because, the worse interest rate is effective to reduce the mortgage interest payment and also persuade the companies and consumers to pay out excluding the saving money. On the other side, Gardiner et al (2013) depict that home repossession can cause the bank deceased and drop in consumer spending. The government may undertake to control credit rates to prevent the house seizure. Further, the Federal Reserve should try to cut the taxes to increase the consumer disposable income. But, it will be caused to high government bowings. Besides to this, the government should also spend more on the capital asset plans because it directly adds capital into the economy. It is stated that this policy is more appropriate than the tax cut. Along with this, Paroutis et al (2014) discuss that reduction in the exchange rate can enhance the aggregate demand (AD) of the customers in the Britain economy. A declining worth of the dollar makes export cheaper and import more costly consequently, household demand will be decreased. Research Hypothesis Following are the hypothesis for this research: Null Hypothesis (H0): Economic factors have an impact on Britain economy downturn. Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Economic factors do not have an impact on Britain economy downturn. Research Methodology The below methodologies will be followed to efficiently examine the aims of this research plan. It is discussed as below: Literature Review In this part, a researcher will deeply study and scrutiny the appropriate literature and assesses the data obtained from different sources such as Google scholar, Emerald and academic journal, articles from various authors. Data Analysis Methods Data analysis method includes the qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative analysis is used by the researcher to conduct online discussion and assessment with financial experts and managers while Quantitative analysis will assess by the researcher to show the information in statistics, pie diagrams, excel sheets, arithmetical and numerical data using the online sites and academic editorial (Mackey and Gass, 2015). For this dissertation, mix research data analyzing method will be used by the researcher. The quantitative data analyzing method will be exercised by the researcher to hypothesis testing such as to assess whether the information accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Further, qualitative data analyzing method will be used to assess the concepts of literature as it helps to establish the findings. A mixture of methodologies is used to obtain the precise explanation for the research dilemma which is recognized in the problem statement. Furthermore, secondary information will be used by the researcher to assess the information as compared to primary data (Flick, 2015). Because, the research problem is based on the analytical so, data is obtained from the literature review and case study. Section III Organization of the Study Following are the organization of this research: The First section will explain the research plan. The second section will discuss the concept of Britain economic downturn in-depth. The third section will involve the research methodology like literature review, data collection methods, and data analysis methods. The fourth section will show the Findings and Analysis of the projected research. Fifth section will evaluate the imperative findings and explain their propositions in Britain economic downturn. Gantt Chart The following table depicts the time structure for the entire research to be accomplished. Name of the Task Start Day End Day Duration (Days) Project Proposal 26/09/2016 10/10/2016 14 Literature Review 11/10/2016 26/12/2016 76 Information Collection 27/12/2016 27/02/2017 60 Data Analysis 28/02/2017 28/03/2017 30 Final Report Submission 29/03/2017 30/04/2017 31 Project Budget and Budget Justification The budget for the projected research study is approximately GBP 1500 to accomplish the objective of this research within the time period (29th March 2017) that is given in the Gantt chart. This budget is based on the following components of the research: For accomplishing the Literature Review, different course book, academic journals, editorial and online resources are required that cannot be assessed without charge. Therefore, there will be charge approximately GBP 500 to buy these resources. Data collection is the effective source to gather the information about the research problem. Therefore, there will be around GBP 500 to buy case study from different authors and organizations. Because, it is a better approach for collecting information from different organizations about the impact of the recession on them and their survival strategies. To find graphs, tables, administration data for information scrutiny, the cost of financial plan to be paid around GBP 500. In synopsis, Purpose Expected Amount to be Spent in GBP Literature Review 500 Data Collection 500 Data Analysis 500 Total financial plan Expectation 1500 References Ahmed, M. U., Kristal, M. M., Pagell, M. (2014). The impact of operational and marketing capabilities on firm performance: Evidence from economic growth and downturns.International Journal of Production Economics,154, 59-71. Buck, W. (2016). Providing Help in Hard Times: A Blueprint for Successful Strategic Planning.Journal of Library Administration,56(2), 199-208. Burrell, K. (2016).Polish Migration to the UK in the'new'European Union: After 2004. UK: Routledge. Cain, P. J., Hopkins, A. G. (2016).British Imperialism: 1688-2015. UK: Routledge. De Grauwe, P. (2016).Economics of monetary union. UK: Oxford university press. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. USA: Sage. Gardiner, B., Martin, R., Sunley, P., Tyler, P. (2013). Spatially unbalanced growth in the British economy.Journal of Economic Geography,13(6), 889-928. Gillespie, A. (2014).Foundations of economics. USA: Oxford University Press. Goldstein, J., Kreyenfeld, M., Jasilioniene, A., rsal, D. D. K. (2013). Fertility reactions to the" Great Recession" in Europe: Recent evidence from order-specific data.Demographic Research,29, 85-104. Gourevitch, P., Markovits, A., Ross, G., Bornstein, S., Allen, C. (2016).Unions and Economic Crisis: Britain, West Germany, and Sweden. UK: Routledge. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. UK: Routledge. McCloskey, D. N. (2015).Essays on a mature economy: Britain after 1840. USA: Princeton University Press. McKay, A., Campbell, J., Thomson, E., Ross, S. (2013). Economic recession and recovery in the UK: What's gender got to do with it?.Feminist Economics,19(3), 108-123. Modica, M., Reggiani, A. (2015). Spatial economic resilience: overview and perspectives.Networks and Spatial Economics,15(2), 211-233. Mulia, N., Zemore, S. E., Murphy, R., Liu, H., Catalano, R. (2014). Economic loss and alcohol consumption and problems during the 2008 to 2009 US recession.Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research,38(4), 1026-1034. Park, H., Twenge, J. M., Greenfield, P. M. (2014). The Great Recession Implications for Adolescent Values and Behavior.Social Psychological and Personality Science,5(3), 310-318. Paroutis, S., Bennett, M., Heracleous, L. (2014). A strategic view on smart city technology: The case of IBM Smarter Cities during a recession. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,89, 262-272. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. USA: John Wiley Sons. Treasury, H. (2016).Reforming Britain's economic and financial policy: towards greater economic stability. Germany: Springer.

Killer Tips for Streamlining Your Copy, Part 1

KILLER TIPS FOR STREAMLINING YOUR COPY, PART 1 As any writer knows, getting that first draft down on paper is only half the battle. Whether you’re writing web copy, a sales email, or a journalistic article, chances are, you and your editing team will go through a few rounds of tweaking and fine-tuning before your work is really done. So, I’ve decided to do a little mini-series to share some of my favorite writing and editing tips. One of the really cool things about writing is, it’s always a work in progress – there are always things you can do to make your writing clearer, or more powerful, or just more interesting. And, if you write every day, you’re constantly honing your craft. From major rewrites to itty-bitty changes in word choice or punctuation, there are about a million things you can do to change, improve, and streamline your work. Here are three of my favorite ways to pack more punch into your prose: 1. Pump up your verbs. Once you’ve gotten a first draft down, go back and examine all of the verbs you’ve used. Do they actually say what you want them to say? Are they big, strong verbs that leap off the page and carry your message loud and clear, or are they timid little things that barely make a squeak? Here’s what I mean: Photo by jmtimagesOriginal: At the press conference, President Obama went to the podium and talked to reporters about the latest financial news. Okay, so maybe he did, but the verbs in this sentence are completely lifeless. Talk about a big, fat yawn. Went? Seriously? Blech. How about this: Better: At the press conference, President Obama strode to the podium and shocked reporters with the latest financial news. See the difference? Stronger, more specific verbs like â€Å"strode† and â€Å"shocked† give the sentence new life – and new meaning. Verbs, after all, don’t just tell what someone did – when used correctly, they also give you a clue about how they did it. This sentence would have an entirely different meaning if we’d used the verbs â€Å"stomped† and â€Å"barked at† or â€Å"crept† and â€Å"dodged.† 2. Steer clear of the passive voice. Even if you’re ever-vigilant about avoiding the passive voice, occasionally, a sentence or two sneaks under the radar and makes itself at home. For some reason, a lot of beginning writers think that the passive voice makes them sound more, I don’t know . . . writerly? But really, the passive voice just sounds funny and stilted. To a reader, the passive voice lacks the sense of action and the â€Å"this-is-happening-right-now-as-we-speak† element. Plus, in real life, we just don’t talk like this. So, unless there is a seriously compelling reason to do otherwise, make sure that all of your sentences are active. Here’s what I mean: Original: The blog was written by Stephanie. Simply flipping the sentence around will give you an active, more immediate sentence: Better: Stephanie wrote the blog. 3. Go easy on adverbs. I was at the bookstore the other day and I saw a book on writing that was called something like, â€Å"If You Catch an Adverb, Kill It.† I haven’t read the book, and I can’t remember who wrote it, but the title alone is a valuable little nugget of wisdom. In general, a strong verb (see tip #1) is WAY better and more effective than almost any adverb. Of course, there are a zillion exceptions to this, and, of course, every writer uses adverbs to some degree. But use too many, and you’ll start to sound silly. A good example of adverb abuse is Danielle Steele – her books are just bursting with characters who are â€Å"sneering menacingly† or â€Å"whipping their raven-colored hair about angrily† or â€Å"sighing longingly.† When you’re finished writing, a good idea is to go back through and try to cut as many adverbs as you can. Bust out your thesaurus and find a good, strong verb to use instead. So: Ramona gazed into Dirk’s eyes dreamily and kissed him sloppily. Becomes: Ramona fixed her aquamarine eyes on Dirk’s. Their eyes met and their lips joined in a passionate kiss. Ick. But you get the idea, right? That’s it for now. Check in next week for more tips, and happy writing! Related articles Better writing: The active voice (billbennettnz.wordpress.com)

Most Popular World Religions

Most Popular World Religions While there are and have been hundreds of religions and spiritual beliefs across the globe the major faiths practiced by the majority of people on Earth can be broken down into a few major groups. Even within these groups different sects and types of religious  practices exist. Southern Baptists  and Roman Catholics are both considered Christian even though their  religious practices differ greatly.   Abrahamic  Religions Three of the worlds most dominant religions are considered to be the Abrahamic religions. They are named such because of each claiming descent from the ancient Israelites  and follow the God of Abraham. In order of founding the Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.   Most Popular Religious   Christianity:  with 2,116,909,552  members (which includes 1,117,759,185 Roman Catholics, 372,586,395 Protestants, 221,746,920 Orthodox, and 81,865,869 Anglicans). Christians make up almost thirty percent of the global population. The religion arose from Judaism in the first century. Its followers believe Jesus Christ was the son of God and the Messhia for told of in the Old Testament. There are three major sects of Christianity: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.  Islam:  with 1,282,780,149 members worldwide believers of Islam are referred to as Muslims. While Islam is very popular in the Middle East one does not need to be Arabic to be Muslim. The largest Muslim nation is actually Indonesia. Followers of Islam believe that there is only one God (Allah) and Mohamed is his last messenger. Contrary to media portrayals Islam is not a violent religion. There are two primary sects of Islam, Sunni, and Shia.  Ã‚  Hinduism: There are 856,690,863 Hindus in th e world. It is one of the oldest religions and is practiced mostly in India and South East Asia. Some consider Hinduism to be a religion while others view it as a spiritual practice or way of life. A prominent belief in Hinduism is the belief in Purusartha  or the object of human pursuit. The four  Purusarthas  are dharma (righteousness), Artha (prosperity), kama (love) and moksa (liberation).   Buddism: Has 381,610,979 followers worldwide. Like Hinduism, Buddhism is another religion that can also be a spiritual practice. It also originates from India. Buddism shares the Hindu believe in dharma. There are three branches of Buddism: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Many Buddist seeks enlightenment or liberation from suffering.  Sikh: this Indian religion has 25,139,912 which is impressive because it doesnt generally seek converts. A seek is defined as one who any human being who faithfully believes in One Immortal Being; ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh; Guru Granth Sahib; the teachings of the ten Gurus and the baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru. Because this religion has strong ethnic ties, some see it as more of an ethnicity than simply a religion.  Judaism:  is the smallest of the Abrahamic religions with  14,826,102 members. Like Sikhs, they are also an ethnoreligious group. Followers of Judaism are known as Jews. There are many different branc hes of Judaism, but the most popular ones are currently: Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative.   Other Beliefs:  While most of the world follows one of the several religions 814,146,396 people believe in smaller religions. 801,898,746 consider themselves to be non-religious and 152,128,701 are an atheist who does not believe in any form of Higher being.

Learn to Cherish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learn to Cherish - Essay Example Unable to cope with the loss, my father swiftly degenerated into a hopeless drunkard. Friday morning was the last time we would see him in the week. After work on Friday he no longer came home. Instead he went on a drinking spree with his friends, a spree that would last till Monday morning. Then we would come back home very early in the morning to take a shower, change and go to work. Apart from paying the bills and buying food, he simply no longer cared about what was happening at home. From what I heard, he had become irresponsible even at work and was threatened with being fired anytime. For me, and I guess for the whole family, what made the experience even more painful was the knowledge that my mother had eloped with a man who was not just our neighbor, but also the father of my childhood friend and first playmate. I hated her passionately. Given the worsening situation at home, one of our maternal aunties took custody of our last born while one of our elder sisters, already married at the time, took me in. As I left home I could not help but worry about my father. My younger sibling and I had found refuge in my aunt and sister, respectively. As for my father, now left alone at home, no one seemed to care for him; it was though he had been left to drink himself to death. In the few months that followed my leaving home, I learned from my sister that my uncles had tried to intervene in my fathers situation, but given up shortly afterwards after they had concluded that he could not be helped. In the days and months that followed, my sister avoided my fathers story every time I brought up: she was not interested. She was even opposed to me visiting him. For the decade that followed my mother’s elopement, I have since lived with two of my sisters and a host of other relatives. In all my wanderings amongst my siblings and relatives, I will never forget the unceremonious way in which my first sister who took me in

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Research - Essay Example This has resulted in losing focus on the real reason teachers should focus upon diversity issues, i.e., to better understand their students and help them learn in a heterogeneous classroom. Personal Reaction. My personal reaction to this article is agreement. I think that diversity should extend beyond race and language to include other significant differences in the classroom. I agree that teachers should focus on providing the best possible learning environment. Summary. The article by Linda Pickett (2008) asserts that every child is, at its core, an intact human being. As such, they have a hunger for learning, an inborn sense of what is fair, and a desire for validation that, if given, is returned. She notes that in spite of these characteristics, society is war-torn and full of ethnic conflicts that require the cultivation of nurturing children in their innate good qualities. In spite of the increase of social diversity, however, most debates in education focus on maintaining a competitive edge in global competition. Thus, she concludes, educators must find a way to bring families and children together as partners in fostering tolerance. Personal Reaction. I agree that teachers can occupy a unique position to encourage diversity. I am not convinced that the primary focus of current education debate is literacy, math, and science, however. I think that diversity is a concentration point, if not a debate, in the profession. Important Questions (3). How can teachers foster the innate goodness of young children? Is diversity taking second place to global competitiveness? If given the opportunity during early pre-school education, will children demonstrate tolerance as they develop? Summary. In a very interesting article on poverty as a component of classroom diversity, Cuthrell, Ledford, & Stapleton (2007) provide a compelling story of a young

How Important Is Energy Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

How Important Is Energy Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay Thesis statement: With non renewable resources of energy being consumed at a very rapid rate, sustainability of energy has become the need of the hour. In the current context of meeting the global energy demands nuclear energy meets every reasonable criterion for sustainability. The increase in the concerns about the harmful side-effects of global warming, coupled with a faster dwindling of the conventional sources of energy, have led to a renewed interest in nuclear energy. After the Cold War, nuclear energy development was largely forgotten for many years until this renewed desire among developed nations for the availability of alternative energy sources to meet their ever increasing energy demands. With the prices of oil and global warming concerns rising steadily, the clean-burning properties of nuclear power are becoming much more attractive. Nuclear energy is viewed as an ideal replacement for the non renewable sources of energy for the four following main reasons. Firstly Nuclear energy produces the most energy than any non-renewable resource. Secondly high reserves of uranium are found on earth which is the raw material for nuclear reactors. Thirdly there is no release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons du ring a nuclear reaction. Finally the amount of waste produced is the least of any major energy production process. Although there are various risks involved when using nuclear energy, I will argue that nuclear energy is the best source of energy to replace oil and also I will argue that nuclear energy wastes are treatable, can be recycled and possess no threat to mankind.   Of the various advantages of nuclear energy, its efficiency is by far the most important. One of the major criterions that determine an efficient source of energy is the amount of energy it produces and how it impacts the environment. It is a basic energy fact that the fission of an atom of uranium produces 10 million times the energy from an atom of carbon than does coal. Nuclear energy extracts by far more energy from the natural resource Uranium than does the exploitation of oil or any other natural resource. In 1950s Dr. M. Hubbard, Geologist at Shell, said that US Oil would peak in 10 to 15 years. He was laughed at and in the 1970s we ran out of Oil. His statement was based on a Discovery Bell Curve which said oil production continues to go up even after the oil discoverys drop off and that the rate that we run out of oil can be measured on the lack of new discoveries. Heres a quote from NEIs website: Nuclear plants are the lowest-cost producer of baseload electricity. The avera ge production cost of 1.87 cents per kilowatt-hour includes the costs of operating and maintaining the plant, purchasing fuel and paying for the management of used fuel. These facts prove nuclear energy as the most efficient form of energy over its competitors, including oil, coal, wind, hydroelectric, and near-term solar power.   Many people are of the opinion that uranium is a rare metal, but its about as common as copper or tin and 40 times more common than silver. Uranium, the chief source of nuclear fuel, is vastly abundant, which makes this resource similar to other renewable resources. As per the NEAs (Nuclear Energy Agency) findings, uranium resources of total 5.5 million metric tons and an additional 10.5 million metric tons remain undiscovered-a roughly 230-year supply at todays consumption rate in total. Bernard Cohens, Professor of Physics at Pittsburgh University, 5 billion year estimate is based on extracting uranium from seawater, which the Japanese have already shown to work. Cohen calculated that we could take 16,000 tons per year of uranium from seawater, which would supply 25 times the worlds present electricity usage and twice the worlds present total energy consumption. He argued that given the geological cycles of erosion, subduction and uplift, the supply would last for 5 billion years w ith a withdrawal rate of 6,500 ton per year. His comments support the fact that uranium is a renewable resource of energy.   Among the many benefits of nuclear power, the main advantage of nuclear power over other methods is that it is a clean way to produce energy as it does not result in the emission of any of the poisonous gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide. With the pollution levels in the atmosphere greatly affecting the general climatic conditions, nuclear energy is definitely a preferable option when compared to burning of fossil fuels (Dujardin 2007). Production of nuclear energy doesnt contribute to emission of green house gases as it does in the case of fossil fuels. Also, going by the alarming rate at which the fossil fuels are burned, it is predicted that, the coal and oil deposits across the world are expected to deplete by end of this century. Uranium deposits, on the other hand are here to remain for a long time, and even if they get depleted, alternative sources in form of plutonium and thorium also exist.   Nuclear energy is also considered to be renewable depending on the type of reactor that is being used. A special type of reactor design called a breeder reactor can create or refine radioactive elements as a part of its functioning (Young, 1998). There are breeder designs that, once operating, can refine uranium, turning even natural uranium into fuel-grade uranium that can be used by other standard reactors. Some breeder designs create plutonium as a byproduct, which can be used for either power generation or in nuclear weapons. Currently, there are 442 reactors operating in the world, 130 of which are in the United States. Another 12 are being built in foreign countries. With the current technology, only 1% of the energy available in uranium is able to be captured by thermal reactors. This energy makes up between 11% and 18% of the total energy available in the world. Developing technologies that would allow us to capture more of this available energy is at least 15 years away, but with incentives, these advances could be a realistic part of our future. The potential is not the only part of the advantages of nuclear energy.   Nuclear energy has another advantage in that it is relatively inexpensive to produce when compared to conventional methods of energy production. Uranium is reasonably cheap to mine, and easy to transport to reactors around the globe, making nuclear energy. While the cost of producing other forms of energy has risen steadily over the last 26 years, the cost of producing nuclear energy has dropped, over the same period of time, with an average finished cost between 3 and 5 cents per kilowatt (Makhijani Saleska, 1999). The potential is not the only part of the advantages of nuclear energy. Regardless of the various definitions of renewable, nuclear power therefore meets every reasonable criterion for sustainability, which is the prime concern.   Both, the disadvantages and advantages of nuclear power plants have to be taken into consideration when determining whether this source of energy is efficient for development of power or not. While the critics of nuclear energy have been citing the various nuclear power plant disasters that have occurred in the past as one of the main reason for refraining from use of nuclear energy, its proponents are confident that it has the ability to sustain the energy requirements of the entire world, in a safe manner. Overall, however, I believe that the use of nuclear energy greatly outweighs any other sources of energy.  

American Racial Discriminations against Middle Easterners and the effect it has on Middle Easterners since 911

â€Å"Middle Easterns† is not just a race residing in several countries around the world; it has evolved to depict different semantic meanings as to the term of people born in the Middle Eastern culture and way of life. (Wikipedia) The Middle East is composed of countries in the territory of Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Palestine (now Israel), Jordan, Egypt, The Sudan, Libya, and several states belonging to the state of Arabia (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates).Geographically characterizing Middle Eastern communities, it has enlarged over the years to include three other countries in the North Africa region which is Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco with associated foreign policies. The Middle East is a territory that is surrounded by the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from Morocco to the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (Wikipedia) Middle Eastern is a modern term coined by Americans for Arabs and for people who reside in the region of the Middle East.These are Semitic people speaking the Arabic language and are generally not specified to particular residency in the Middle East. The distinction of Arabs must be clearly defined as the common perception of Arabs is that they are Muslims. Not all Arabs are Muslims, and not all Muslims are Arabs. Arabs are considered by the short lived Arabian league to be those of Arabic descent and speaking the Arabic Language. They must have originated from an Arabic country and strictly follow the rules and tenets of Arabic culture. (â€Å"Poll: Majority of US Muslims suffered post September 11 bias†, 2002)The paper will discuss the implications of the perception on Middle Easterns and the changes after the September 11 attacks in the United States. In this exposition, discrimination against Middle eastern will be evaluated and the extent to which it happened after the 9/11 attacks. The study shows what life was for Middle Eastern s before the attacks, and what they had to experience after. The study will not only focus on discrimination against Middle Easterns but also to discrimination per se on people belonging to different races.Discrimination happens due to decisive factors which differentiates one person belonging to a race from another. It is a way to make clear distinctions and act towards another person based on prejudice. It can happen through in three different ways; either base on their appearance, language, and religion. MIDDLE EASTERN DISCRIMINATION The society will more likely discriminate an individual because of what he looks like. Visual discrimination is the easiest way to discriminate someone. This is because appearance is readily available for a person to judge on especially when people base their perception on skin pigmentation.Even on how a person dresses constitutes formation of prejudices against them. Difference in religion also contributes to discrimination, not just the religion Is lam, but also other religious orientations as well. Religious discrimination is a one rampant occurrence after the 9/11 attacks. This is acting of ones bigotry against persons’ beliefs, rituals and customs in the particular religion he holds. Finally, the distinction between the different languages people speaks also accounts for discrimination to happen. Differences in language or in accent can generate misunderstanding among people.Discrimination is carried through many ways an(â€Å"DISCRIMINATION INFORMATION FROM LITERATURE REVIEW†)d forms. Middle Easterns are not just the ones affected by this act of prejudice, but all those other nationalities perceived as different. The stereotypes that greatly motivate discrimination can be attributed to how the American media portrays people. The media has adverse perpetuations in people who are different from the Americans. The American media affects how the people perceive Middle Easterns, whether physically, by religion or with language.Discrimination takes on different forms and is carried out to unlimited extent, from hate crimes to employment discriminations. (â€Å"DISCRIMINATION INFORMATION FROM LITERATURE REVIEW†) DISCRIMINATION BEFORE SEPTEMBER 11 2001 Discrimination against people with Middle East cultures is known even before the 9/11 event. But this had escalated dramatically over the years, particularly after the 9/11 attacks. They have been the subject of hate crimes, assaults and harassments due to their difference in color, race and religion.The perception of Arabs as terrorist is believed to have started in 1973 with the Arab- Israeli war and oil-embargo. The Iran hostage crisis in 1979, the hijacking of TWA Flight 847 in 1985 and the beginning of the Persian Gulf crisis added to the hostility of the American society against the Middle East culture. Prior to 911, Middle eastern were already a subject of contempt and distrust. Their portrayal in mainstream media as either lying vi llains or evil warlords has vilified their image to the American public. Fictional books, particularly after 1973 exhort American and Israeli courage under the face of their Arab oppressors.Middle Easterns were tagged as terrorists due to the perception that they are oppressors in their war against Israel. The American interest over Israel had contributed to the terrorist perception it generated. Even cartoons, like Aladdin imprint in American children the image of those coming from the middle east as liars and villains. (EEC, 2002) Before, little was known about the world that middle Easterns came from. The only feedback that the general public had was when the media reports that another terrorist attack has been perpetrated by Arab terrorists, or another take on the deemed inequalities in their culture and religion.In particular, Anti Arab sentiments have already taken hold before 911, due to the perception that these middle easterns are the oppressors in their war against Israel. The American interests in Israel have led them to promote the state at the same time portraying Muslims and the Arab world as oppressors and terrorists. Each terrorist attack by the Muslim world was broadcasted with the effect of making them the new pariahs of the world. The media and the government were very instrumental in defacing the image of middle easterns. And these acts further intensified after the tragedy that occurred on September 11 2001.THE TRAGEDY ON SEPTEMBER 11 2001 The September 11, 2001 attacks often referred to as just 911 was composed of a series of terrorist suicide attacks against the United States of America. On the morning of September 11, 2001, nineteen terrorists whose were purportedly with the al-Qaeda terrorist organization hijacked four commercial passenger airplanes. The hijackers took control of the aircraft using small knives to scare and immobilize the passenger and crew. Two of the planes (United Airlines Flight 175 and American Airlines Flight 11) were crashed in the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York.In Arlington County, Virginia a third airplane (American Airlines Flight 77) was crashed into the United States Pentagon, the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense. The fourth airplane crashed into a field adjacent to the town of Shanksville in Pennsylvania. The plane did not reach its reported desired objective of crashing into the U. S. Capitol due to the attempt of some passengers and crew members to regain control of the plane. In addition to the19 hijackers, 2,973 people died; another 24 are missing and presumed dead. (Wikipedia) DISCRIMINATION AFTR SEPTEMBER 11Nine days after the terrorist attacks, President George W. Bush declared to the nation that â€Å"no one should be singled out for unfair treatment or unkind words because of their ethnic background or religious faith. † His words were a little too late and apparently ineffective. After 911, there have been a large number of r eported incidents of discrimination against Middle Eastern people in the United States. Security checks in airports were tightened and Middle Eastern personas well as persons perceived to be Middle Eastern were unjustly subject to more stringent security measures.(CNN, 2001) In the three days that succeeded the 911 terrorist attacks, CNN reported that at least 300 reports of Middle Eastern being harassed and abused were received by the Council on American-Islamic relations. This number tripled the amount of received reports in the year before September 11. The most common complaints were people yelling verbal abuse like â€Å"Get out of our country! Go back to your own†, as well as the calling of insulting names like Arab dogs, whores, and other vile monikers. (CNN, 2001)The FBI also reported an increase in Muslim crimes in the US in the year 2001. The US government is also said to have detained about 1200 Middle Eastern and South Asians with the assumptions that they are ass ociated with the terrorists. A report on the study by the Council on American- Islamic Relations (CAIR) released in September 18 2005, showed an increase of more than 30% of discrimination, harassment and violations complaints against Muslim. The CAIR, the country’s largest Muslim organization had evaluated the implications of the 9/11 attacks to the Muslim community.Such incidents of discrimination, harassments and violation complaints were reported to be 1, 972 in 2005, more than what is reported in the previous year. The organization concluded the report as the highest statistic since it started doing reports on anti-Muslim activities in 1995. The organization began its yearly reporting of crime incidents towards Muslim in the year 1995 after the Oklahoma bombing. The bombing of the federal government building in Oklahoma, pointed by the mass media to have done by Arab radicals, triggered the anti-Muslim perception of the people and as a result tagged the Muslim community as villains of peace.The year 2005 reported 153 cases of anti-Muslim hate crimes and marked a 10% increase of hate crimes over the year 2004, and a dramatic 50% increase from the year 2003. Hate crimes are acts of discrimination against persons belonging to a certain race, culture or religion. (cite source) These crimes involve murder, attacks on religious institutions, shootings, vehicular assaults and verbal threats against the person. This become evident after the 9/11 attacks as the whole Muslim community were scrutinized for their involvement with the attacks.(â€Å"Class action lawsuit filed against the US government†, 2002) There were several hate crimes reported after the 9/11 attacks. Balbir Singh Sodhi in Mesa Arizona, associated with a different religion from Islam, was killed with no reason at all. It has been reported that the reason for his death was just mere association with terrorist, particularly the assumption that he looks the same as the terrorist therefo re he too is a terrorist. There has been similar incidents like what happened to Sodhi after the 9/11 attacks. In Dallas Texas, Waqar Hassan was shot to death in his own convenience store.The 46 year old Pakistani was apparently mistaken for an Arab following the 911 tragedy. His murderer, Mark Stroman, was also found guilty of killing another man, Vasudev Patel, with the same motive. (BH. , 2002) Murders without regard to affiliation, actual race and citizenship were committed after the Sept 11 attack. The list includes Adel Caras a Coptic Christian who originated from Egypt, American citizens Amil Almansoop and Jawed Wassel and Abdo Ali Ahmed among others. It would seem that the pain of the tragedy of 911 was enough reason for the murderers to perform their act.The aftermath showed that some people felt it was ok to target Middle Easterners and even people who look like them either as revenge or just as an object to vent their rage. Most murderers did not even attempt to camouflag e their act. Marks Stroman was rumored to have bragged that he just that did what every American wanted to do but didn’t have the nerve. After 911, the amount of reports of employment discrimination against Middle Easterns showed an increase. In a report of the US Equal Employment Commission in May 2002, they showed that 488 complaints were received regarding post 911 employment discrimination.Additionally, 301 of those reports were about Middle Easterns being forced out of employment. Numerous reports also abound of people ostracizing Middle Eastern co workers in the office. The united states government also aided in portraying the Middle Easterns as having direct links to terrorists. After the September 11 tragedy, the United States detained 1200 people. These were of Middle East and South Asian descent, further fueling the perception that the Arabs and the Muslims had something to do with the September 11 attacks. What’s more troubling is that in Sept. 17, 2001, int erim regulation issued by the U. S.Department of Justice allowing detention without charge for at least 48 hours in emergency situations. This regulation was used in great effect in detaining those of Middle Eastern origin. The rule was invoked in the immigration of Middle Easterns following the attack. About 763 individuals were detained and about half of them were deported. Jorge Martinez of the United States Department of Justice explains that they did not single out Arabs, they were simply following up on leads and clues. However, the proceedings regarding these immigration cases are shrouded in a veil of secrecy. Identities and charges were not officially released.According to the Justice Department, this is simply to protect the privacy of the proceedings as well as the persons involved. Most of the information that were obtained showed that those detained were held on minor visa violations and on other terrorist unrelated criminal charges. The immigration judges presiding in the trials were allowed to hold their court proceedings in secret. The release of some detainees accompanied the news that rough treatment and solitary confinement were being used in these persons. (HRW, 2003) The effect of the attacks on Middle eastern communities across the country is even more troubling.Fear and paranoia has changed the way of life that these people were accustomed to. The numerous reports of physical injury and verbal abuse against Middle Easterns have induced some to refrain from showing signs of their ethnicity. The wearing of scarves and other telltale signs of their culture has made them visible targets to public contempt and most were not willing to undergo the risk that that entails. Withdrawal from civic life also came as a result of the 911 attacks. Middle Easterns stayed at their homes, and went out only when necessary due to fear of being a recipient of abuse.Muslim communities avoid congregating in order not to be subject to suspicion by others. Middl e eastern children were ostracized in their schools, most were bullied, called names and physically assaulted. (HRW, 2003) Prior to the 911 attacks, Muslim Middle Eastern families gave generously to charities and fundraisers. This is in accordance to the practice of zakat, one of the five pillars of Islam. However, the U. S government had a crack down on Muslim charities and charity benefactors, saying that they were a front for fundraising by terrorist organizations.In Chicago, two local Muslim charities, the Global Relief Foundation and Benevolence International Foundation, were investigated and shut down due to alleged terrorist links. A wave of paranoia has been sweeping Middle Eastern communities since the 911 attacks. Reports of the government’s methods in obtaining intelligence information from these communities have resulted in a feeling of fear and dread among individuals. Many has reported having been followed, eavesdropped upon, and watched. Federal agents have bee n known to search Middle Eastern residence without due notification or even the necessary warrants.Questioning by these agents without regards to the rights of the individual has made Middle Easterns wary and afraid. Reports of new faces in Mosques and in internal gatherings have made many wary. Islam is a religion based on tolerance and love. Because of this, Middle Easterns which have grown in this culture silently suffer the indignities and abuse being shown to them. However, a new generation of middle easterns, those who have grown in American soil, are rising up and asserting their rights as individuals and as Americans. Communities have begun to band together and combat the discrimination against them.Groups like The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), the Alliance of Iranian Americans (AIA), the Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR), and the National Council of Pakistani Americans (NCPA) have provided a voice to those victim to racial discrimination. The y have acted by providing data, reports, denouncing claims and by filing suits against the perpetrators. But to some this is not enough. Many young middle easterns who have experienced this discrimination have talked about fighting back. CONCLUSION Discrimination against a particular people, religion or culture is a widespread occurrence even in these times.Discrimination comes in many forms. The Middle Eastern people have suffered discrimination on American soil before and after the September 11 attacks. Prior to 911 they have endured verbal abuse, harassment, racial profiling and even hate crimes. And after the tragedy, they suffered and are still suffering much more of these. They have been treated with distrust, unearned hate and contempt. Their rights have been trampled on and their liberties taken away from them. They have known fear and paranoia. And most have resolved to be victims no longer and fight back. The September 11 attacks struck a painful blow to the American natio n.The wounds of the victims and survivors are now healing. But the wound that its effects have wrought on the Middle Easterns in America still bleeds. References BH. (2002). 9/11 Fuels Anti-Arab Crime. Boston Herald. Class action lawsuit filed against the US government. ( 2002). Retrieved October 23, 2006, from http://www. adc. org/index. php? id=1540 CNN. (2001). Hate crime reports up in wake of terrorist attacks. Retrieved October 24, 2006, from http://www. cnn. com/2001/US/09/16/gen. hate. crimes DISCRIMINATION INFORMATION FROM LITERATURE REVIEW. from http://www. d. umn. edu/~lbelote/srseminar/mideast/PAPER4.HTM EEC. (2002). EEOC Provides Answers About the Workplace Rights of Muslims, Arabs, South Asians, and Sikhs. Retrieved October 24, 2006 from http://www. eeoc. gov/press/5-15-02. html HRW. (2003). We Are Not the Enemy. Human Rights Watch: A Journa, l(14(6)), 1-39. Poll: Majority of US Muslims suffered post September 11 bias. (2002). Retrieved October 24, 2006 from http://www. cairnet. org/asp/article. asp? articleid=895$articletype=3 Wikipedia. September 11, 2001 attacks. Retrieved October 25, 2006, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attack#_note-CBS